Preventing a Will Contest
Emotions can run high at the death of a family member. If a family member is unhappy with the amount they received (or didn’t receive) under a will, he or she may contest the will. Will contests can drag out for years, keeping all the heirs from getting what they are entitled to. It may be impossible to prevent relatives from fighting over your will entirely, but there are steps you can take to try to minimize squabbles and ensure your intentions are carried out.
Your will can be contested if a family member believes you did not have the requisite mental capacity to execute the will, someone exerted undue influence over you, someone committed fraud, or the will was not executed properly. (For more information on will contests, click here.)
The following are some steps that may make a will contest less likely to succeed:
- Make sure your will is properly executed. The best way to do this is to have an experienced elder law or estate planning attorney assist you in drafting and executing the will. Wills need to be signed and witnessed, usually by two independent witnesses.
- Explain your decision. If family members understand the reasoning behind the decisions in your will, they may be less likely to contest the will. It is a good idea to talk to family members at the time you draft the will and explain why someone is getting left out of the will or getting a reduced share. Whether you should state the reason in the will itself depends on state law; in some cases, its better to remain silent. Discuss this with your lawyer.
- In some states, a no-contest clause can be useful; in others it will have little or no worth. And leaving something of value to the potentially disgruntled family often is counter-productive because it will mean that person becomes an “interested person” entitled to certain privileges in the probate process. It’s better to disinherit the person entirely, but again discuss this with your lawyer.
- Prove competency. One common way of challenging a will is to argue the deceased family member was not mentally competent at the time he or she signed the will. You can try to avoid this by making sure the attorney drafting the will tests you for competency. This could involve seeing a doctor or answering a series of questions.
- Videotape the will signing. A videotape of the will signing allows your family members and the court to see that you are freely signing the will and makes it more difficult to argue that you did not have the requisite mental capacity to agree to the will.
- Remove the appearance of undue influence. Another common method of challenging a will is to argue someone exerted undue influence over the deceased family member. For example, if you are planning on leaving everything to your daughter who is also your primary caregiver, your other children may argue your daughter took advantage of her position to influence you. To avoid the appearance of undue influence, do not involve any family members who are inheriting under your will in drafting your will. Family members should not be present when you discuss the will with your attorney or when you sign it. To be totally safe, family members shouldn’t even drive you to the attorney.
Again, I emphasize that some of these strategies may not be advisable in certain states. For an article on how to use a will to disinherit a relative, click here.
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